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Valores
do Hemograma
Fonte:
Miami Ferret
Há
dezenas de componentes no sangue de seu ferret que ajudará o
veterinário a determinar o que está indo mal. here are, of
course, dozens of components in your ferret's blood which can help
your vet determine what's wrong. Here are some of the ones people
ask about most often, and normal ranges. If you want to know more
about what your ferret's tests mean, don't hesitate to ask your
vet.
|
Rectal
temperature
|
100-103
F (37.8 - 39.4 C), 101.9 average.
|
|
Heart
rate
|
120
beats/min (calm), 250 beats/min (stressed).
|
|
Respiration
|
33-36/min.
|
|
Urine
volume
|
26-28
ml/ 24 hrs.
|
|
Urine
pH
|
6.5-7.5;
mild to moderate protein urea is common and normal.
|
|
Blood
volume
|
60-80
ml/kg.
|
Your
veterinarian might find this information helpful.
|
|
MEAN
|
Acceptable
Range
|
|
11Sodium
(mmol/L)
|
153
|
143-163
|
|
11Potassium
(mmol/L)
|
4.47
|
3.2-5.77
|
|
11Chloride
(mmol/L)
|
116
|
105-127
|
|
12Calcium
(mg/dl)
|
8.8
|
7.5-10.1
|
|
12Inorganic
Phosphorus (mg/dl)
|
5.5
|
3.7-7.4
|
|
1Glucose
(fasted) (mg/dl)
|
110
|
65-164
|
|
BUN
(mg/dl)
|
21
|
8-37
|
|
Creatinine
(mg/dl)
|
0.5
|
0.16-0.84
|
|
8BUN/Creatinine
|
21
|
10-45
|
|
7Total
Protein (g/dl)
|
5.8
|
4.4-7.3
|
|
Triglycerides
|
98
|
31-101
|
|
GGT
|
4.8
|
1-13
|
|
Uric
Acid
|
2.2
|
1.4-3.3
|
|
2PCV
(%)
|
45.4
|
38-54
|
|
Hemoglobin
(g/dl)
|
16.50
|
13-18
|
|
3RBC
(x106/mm3)
|
9.0
|
7.0-11.0
|
|
Platelets
(x103)
|
400
|
350-600
|
|
Reticulocytes
(%)
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
4WBC
(x103/mm3)
|
5.22
|
2.8-8.0
|
|
PMN
|
49%
|
42-65%
|
|
7Albumin
(g/dl)
|
3.3
|
2.5-4.1
|
|
7Globulin
(g/dl)
|
2.2
|
1.8-2.9
|
|
10Total
Bilirubin (mg/dl)
|
0.2
|
0.1-0.5
|
|
Cholesterol
(mg/dl)
|
174
|
76-272
|
|
9Alkaline
Phosphatase (IU/L)
|
37
|
15-75
|
|
ALT
(IU/L)
|
95
|
13-176
|
|
AST
(IU/L)
|
61
|
23-99
|
|
CO2
|
22
|
14-30
|
|
A/G
(g/dl)
|
1.3
|
1.0-2.3
|
|
LDH
|
274
|
101-498
|
|
Neutrophils
|
3017
(59%)
|
2329-5700
(39-85%)
|
|
5Lymphocytes
|
1157
(35%)
|
525-3500
(11-55%)
|
|
Monocytes
|
119
(2.6%)
|
52-177
(0.76-4.4%)
|
|
6Eosinophils
|
133
(2.8%)
|
29-432
(1-8%)
|
|
Basophils
|
0.4
|
N/A
|
|
MCV (um3)
|
51
|
46-65
|
|
MCH (pg)
|
17.7
|
15.5-19.0
|
|
MCHC
|
33
|
29-36
*
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Dr.
Susan Brown also notes that the normal insulin level is 0-20, but
that insulin may appear normal even in animals with insulinoma.
The
following information is extracted from an article in The FAIR [Ferret
Adoption, Information & Rescue Society] Report, Vol. II, No.
2, by Mary Van Dahm, with a few additions.
1.
Blood glucose
Glucose
is a sugar, the main energy source for the body. It is
controlled by the amount of insulin in the blood. Its level
varies through the day, higher just after a meal, lower when the
ferret hasn't eaten. A non-fasted blood glucose test might give
values up to 207 mg/dl, depending on when the ferret last ate.
Testing the blood glucose after withholding food from the ferret
for 4 hours (fasting blood glucose) eliminates the variation and
gives you a more definite number. A low reading (hypoglycemia)
may be a sign of insulinoma . A high reading (hyperglycemia) is
rare and might be a sign of diabetes. Diabetes is rare in
ferrets and, insulinoma can also cause a high glucose reading.
You should double-check any diabetes diagnosis by looking for
sugar in the urine as well.
Note:
Fasting a ferret that is suspected of insulinoma is NOT
recommended.
2.
Pack cell volume/hematocrit (PCV/HCT)
This
is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Low readings
indicate anemia; high readings are usually a sign of dehydration.
3.
Red blood cells (RBC)
Red
blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues and carbon
dioxide back to the lungs. Low readings show anemia.
4. White blood cells (WBC)
White
blood cells are part of the immune system. Readings over about
7000 may mean the ferret is fighting off an infection, cold or
flu. Readings over 10,000 may be early signs of lymphoma or
another cancer. Unusually low readings indicate anemia and a
bone marrow problem.
5. Lymphocytes
Another
type of white blood cell. High readings can indicate a "smoldering"
infection, possibly Helicobacter mustelae. Many, but not all,
cases of lymphosarcoma also show elevated lymphocyte levels.
6. Eosinophils
Another
type of white blood cell. Often an indicator of intestinal
disorders, infection, or cancer. Other parts of the blood
profile must also be considered for a diagnosis.
7. Protein,
Albumin and Globulin
Albumin
is a kind of protein, and globulin is a general term for all
proteins that aren't albumin. The numbers indicate the ferret's
general health and nutrition. Albumin also helps show how well
the liver and kidneys are working.
8. BUN and Creatinine
The
job of the kidneys is to filter out impurities. If they aren't
working well, these levels will be high.
9. Alkaline phosphatese
This
is an enzyme found in the liver and bone. When bones are growing
or the liver is damaged, lots of this is released into the blood.
10. Total bilirubin
A
by-product of the normal breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood
cells. Helps diagnose liver disease and bile duct obstruction.
11. Sodium, Potassium and Chloride
Controlled
by the kidneys, these are commonly called blood electrolytes.
They are involved in water balance, acid/base balance, and the
transmission of nerve impulses, especially to the heart.
12. Calcium and Phosphorus
These
minerals are controlled by the parathyroid glands and the
kidneys. The levels show possible problems with bones, blood
clotting, and nerve, muscle, and cell activity.
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